The term was used next in the Talmud's Tractate Middot (1:1–3, 2:1–2), in which the area was described in detail. The term was not used in the New Testament. Although the term "Temple Mount" was first used in the Book of Micah (4:1) – literally as "Mount of the House" – it was not used again until approximately one thousand years later. The concept of the "Temple Mount" gained prominence in the first century CE, after the destruction of the Second Temple. 9 Alterations to antiquities and damage to existing structures.7.2 Opinions of contemporary rabbis concerning entry to the site.7.1 Jewish religious law concerning entry to the site.7 Jewish attitudes towards entering the site.4.2 Persian, Hasmonean and Herodian periods.In an attempt to keep the status quo, the Israeli government enforces a controversial ban on prayer by non-Muslims. It remains a major focal point of the Arab–Israeli conflict. After the Six-Day War, Israel handed administration of the site back to the Waqf under Jordanian custodianship, while maintaining Israeli security control. The Temple Mount is within the Old City, which has been controlled by Israel since 1967. Since the Crusades, the Muslim community of Jerusalem has managed the site through the Jerusalem Islamic Waqf. In light of the dual claims of Judaism and Islam, it is one of the most contested religious sites in the world. The Dome of the Rock currently sits in the middle, occupying or close to the area where the Holy Temple previously stood. The Al Aqsa Mosque rests on the far southern side of the Mount, facing Mecca.
The Dome was completed in 692 CE, making it one of the oldest extant Islamic structures in the world. Umayyad Caliphs commissioned the construction of the al-Aqsa Mosque and Dome of the Rock on the site. Revered as the Noble Sanctuary, the location of Muhammad's journey to Jerusalem and ascension to heaven, the site is also associated with the Jewish biblical prophets who are also venerated in Islam. Amongst Sunni Muslims, it is considered the third holiest site in Islam. Īmong Muslims, the Mount is the site of one of the three Sacred Mosques, the holiest sites in Islam. Due to its extreme sanctity, many Jews will not walk on the Mount itself, to avoid unintentionally entering the area where the Holy of Holies stood, since according to rabbinical law, there is still some aspect of the divine presence at the site. The Temple Mount is the holiest site in Judaism, and is the place Jews turn towards during prayer. Orthodox Jewish tradition maintains it is here that the third and final Temple will be built when the Messiah comes. The Second Temple was constructed under the auspices of Zerubbabel in 516 BCE, and was destroyed by the Roman Empire in 70 CE. Īccording to Jewish tradition and scripture, the First Temple was built by King Solomon, the son of King David, in 957 BCE, and was destroyed by the Neo-Babylonian Empire in 586 BCE however, no substantial archaeological evidence has verified this. Currently, it can be reached through eleven gates, ten reserved for Muslims and one for non-Muslims, with guard posts of Israeli police in the vicinity of each. Herodian walls and gates, with additions from the late Byzantine and early Islamic periods, cut through the flanks of the Mount. The plaza is dominated by three monumental structures from the early Umayyad period – the al-Aqsa Mosque, the Dome of the Rock and the Dome of the Chain – and four minarets. The present site is a flat plaza surrounded by retaining walls (including the Western Wall) that was built during the reign of Herod the Great for an expansion of the temple. The Temple Mount ( Hebrew: הַר הַבַּיִת, Har haBayīt "Mount of the House "), known to Muslims as the Haram esh-Sharif ( Arabic: الحرم الشريف, al-Ḥaram al-Šarīf, "the Noble Sanctuary", or الحرم القدسي الشريف, al-Ḥaram al-Qudsī al-Šarīf, "the Noble Sanctuary of Jerusalem") and the Al-Aqsa Compound, is a hill in the Old City of Jerusalem that for thousands of years has been venerated as a holy site in Judaism, Christianity, and Islam alike.
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